Genesis 42:4

Authorized King James Version

But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#2
בִּנְיָמִין֙
But Benjamin
binjamin, youngest son of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
#3
אֶחָ֑יו
brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#4
יוֹסֵ֔ף
Joseph's
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#5
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#6
שָׁלַ֥ח
sent
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#7
יַֽעֲקֹ֖ב
Jacob
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
#8
אֶת
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#9
אֶחָ֑יו
brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#10
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#11
אָמַ֔ר
for he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#12
פֶּן
Lest peradventure
properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest
#13
יִקְרָאֶ֖נּוּ
befall him
to encounter, whether accidentally or in a hostile manner
#14
אָסֽוֹן׃
mischief
hurt

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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