Genesis 31:52

Authorized King James Version

This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
עֵ֚ד
be witness
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
#2
הַגַּ֥ל
This heap
something rolled, i.e., a heap of stone or dung (plural ruins), by analogy, a spring of water (plural waves)
#3
הַזֶּ֔ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#4
וְעֵדָ֖ה
be witness
testimony
#5
הַמַּצֵּבָ֥ה
and this pillar
something stationed, i.e., a column or (memorial stone); by analogy, an idol
#6
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#7
אָ֗נִי
i
#8
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#9
תַעֲבֹ֨ר
that I will not pass over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#10
אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙
near, with or among; often in general, to
#11
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
הַגַּ֥ל
This heap
something rolled, i.e., a heap of stone or dung (plural ruins), by analogy, a spring of water (plural waves)
#13
הַזֶּ֔ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#14
וְאִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#15
אַ֠תָּה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#16
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#17
תַעֲבֹ֨ר
that I will not pass over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#18
אֵלַ֜י
near, with or among; often in general, to
#19
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#20
הַגַּ֥ל
This heap
something rolled, i.e., a heap of stone or dung (plural ruins), by analogy, a spring of water (plural waves)
#21
הַזֶּ֛ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#22
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#23
הַמַּצֵּבָ֥ה
and this pillar
something stationed, i.e., a column or (memorial stone); by analogy, an idol
#24
הַזֹּ֖את
this (often used adverb)
#25
לְרָעָֽה׃
unto me for harm
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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