Genesis 21:12

Authorized King James Version

And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
תֹּאמַ֥ר
hath said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֱלֹהִ֜ים
And God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
אַבְרָהָ֗ם
H85
unto Abraham
abraham, the later name of abram
#5
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#6
יֵרַ֤ע
properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)
#7
בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙
in thy sight
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
#8
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
הַנַּ֣עַר
because of the lad
(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit
#10
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#11
אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ
and because of thy bondwoman
a maid-servant or female slave
#12
כֹּל֩
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#13
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#14
תֹּאמַ֥ר
hath said
to say (used with great latitude)
#15
אֵלֶ֛יךָ
near, with or among; often in general, to
#16
שָׂרָ֖ה
in all that Sarah
sarah, abraham's wife
#17
שְׁמַ֣ע
unto thee hearken
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#18
בְּקֹלָ֑הּ
unto her voice
a voice or sound
#19
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#20
בְיִצְחָ֔ק
for in Isaac
jitschak (or isaac), son of abraham
#21
יִקָּרֵ֥א
be called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#22
לְךָ֖
H0
#23
זָֽרַע׃
shall thy seed
seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The divine name or title here functions within foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern narrative literature addressing origins and identity shapes this text's meaning. The development from creation to divine election established God's sovereign care over history Understanding a worldview where divine beings actively governed natural and historical processes helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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