Genesis 19:12

Authorized King James Version

And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? son in law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whatsoever thou hast in the city, bring them out of this place:

Word-by-Word Analysis

וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ

H559

said

to say (used with great latitude)

הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֜ים

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

אֶל

H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

ל֗וֹט

H3876

unto Lot

lot, abraham's nephew

עֹ֚ד

H5750

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

מִֽי

H4310

any

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

לְךָ֣

פֹ֔ה

H6311

Hast thou here

this place (french ici), i.e., here or hence

חָתָן֙

H2860

besides son in law

a relative by marriage (especially through the bride); figuratively, a circumcised child (as a species of religious espousal)

#10

וּבָנֶ֣יךָ

H1121

and thy sons

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

#11

וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ

H1323

and thy daughters

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

#12

וְכֹ֥ל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

#13

אֲשֶׁר

H834

and whatsoever

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#14

לְךָ֖

#15

בָּעִ֑יר

H5892

thou hast in the city

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

#16

הוֹצֵ֖א

H3318

bring them out

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

#17

מִן

H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

#18

הַמָּקֽוֹם׃

H4725

of this place

properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

How does the creation and providence theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
What practical applications emerge from understanding creation and providence as presented in this verse, particularly in light of contemporary challenges facing the church and individual believers?

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