Genesis 15:17

Authorized King James Version

And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֤י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙
And it came to pass that when the sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#3
בָּ֔אָה
went down
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#4
וַֽעֲלָטָ֖ה
and it was dark
dusk
#5
הָיָ֑ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#6
וְהִנֵּ֨ה
lo!
#7
תַנּ֤וּר
furnace
a fire-pot
#8
עָשָׁן֙
behold a smoking
smoke, literally or figuratively (vapor, dust, anger)
#9
וְלַפִּ֣יד
lamp
a flambeau, lamp or flame
#10
אֵ֔שׁ
and a burning
fire (literally or figuratively)
#11
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#12
עָבַ֔ר
that passed
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#13
בֵּ֖ין
between
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#14
הַגְּזָרִ֥ים
those pieces
something cut off; a portion
#15
הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
these or those

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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