Genesis 12:16

Authorized King James Version

And he entreated Abram well for her sake: and he had sheep, and oxen, and he asses, and menservants, and maidservants, and she asses, and camels.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּלְאַבְרָ֥ם
H87
Abram
abram, the original name of abraham
#2
הֵיטִ֖יב
And he entreated
to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)
#3
בַּֽעֲבוּרָ֑הּ
properly, crossed, i.e., (abstractly) transit; used only adverbially, on account of, in order that
#4
וַֽיְהִי
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#5
ל֤וֹ
H0
#6
צֹאן
for her sake and he had sheep
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#7
וּבָקָר֙
and oxen
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
#8
וַֽחֲמֹרִ֔ים
and he asses
a male ass (from its dun red)
#9
וַֽעֲבָדִים֙
and menservants
a servant
#10
וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת
and maidservants
a female slave (as a member of the household)
#11
וַֽאֲתֹנֹ֖ת
and she asses
a female donkey (from its docility)
#12
וּגְמַלִּֽים׃
and camels
a camel

Analysis

This verse develops the creation and providence theme central to Genesis. The concept of divine revelation reflects God's absolute sovereignty over all existence. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to foundational narrative establishing God's relationship with creation and humanity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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