Genesis 10:5

Authorized King James Version

By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מֵ֠אֵלֶּה
these or those
#2
נִפְרְד֞וּ
divided in
to break through, i.e., spread or separate (oneself)
#3
אִיֵּ֤י
By these were the isles
properly, a habitable spot (as desirable); dry land, a coast, an island
#4
בְּגֽוֹיֵהֶֽם׃
in their nations
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#5
בְּאַרְצֹתָ֔ם
their lands
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#6
אִ֖ישׁ
every one
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#7
לִלְשֹׁנ֑וֹ
after his tongue
the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame,
#8
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם
after their families
a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
#9
בְּגֽוֹיֵהֶֽם׃
in their nations
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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