Galatians 5:26
Let us not be desirous of vain glory, provoking one another, envying one another.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Paul's vice lists (5:19-21) and this concluding warning reflect actual problems in the Galatian churches: pride, conflict, envy. Theological controversy over circumcision produced ugly relational fruit—proof they weren't walking in the Spirit despite claiming spiritual superiority. This pattern continues: doctrinal disputes can be prosecuted with fleshly pride, provoking, and envy rather than Spirit-fruit. Paul insists: how you contend for truth matters as much as what truth you contend for. Spirit-walking produces humble, peaceable, generous engagement even in necessary theological conflict.
Questions for Reflection
- Where are you 'provoking' others—deliberately stirring up conflict, jealousy, or comparison—rather than building them up?
- Vain glory (κενόδοξος, empty reputation) seeks honor in worthless things—what empty achievements tempt you to boast?
- Why does Paul connect doctrinal firmness (earlier in Galatians) with humble interpersonal relations here—can truth and gentleness coexist?
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Analysis & Commentary
Let us not be desirous of vain glory, provoking one another, envying one another. Paul addresses specific Spirit-walking applications. "Let us not be desirous of vain glory" (mē ginōmetha kenodoxoi, μὴ γινώμεθα κενόδοξοι)—let us not become conceited, vainglorious. Kenodoxos (κενόδοξος) combines kenos (empty) and doxa (glory)—empty glory, vain conceit, pride in worthless things. Present prohibition: stop doing this or don't start. The Galatian controversy apparently produced arrogant, conceited attitudes.
"Provoking one another" (allēlous prokaloumenoi, ἀλλήλους προκαλούμενοι)—challenging, irritating, inciting each other. Prokaleō means to call forth, provoke to conflict. "Envying one another" (allēlois phthonountes, ἀλλήλοις φθονοῦντες)—being jealous of each other. Spirit-walking produces humility, peace, contentment; flesh-walking produces pride, conflict, envy. The relational sins plaguing the Galatians evidenced flesh-control, not Spirit-control. Chapter 5 ends as it began: with call to freedom lived out in love and Spirit-power, not slavery to law or indulgence of flesh. Chapters 3-5 are theological; chapter 6 turns to practical application.