Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches (מֵרֹב כָּל־הוֹן, merov kol-hon)—Tarshish (likely Tartessos in southern Spain, the ancient world's western extremity) traded hon ("wealth/riches"), emphasizing abundance. With silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs (בְּכֶסֶף בַּרְזֶל בְּדִיל וְעוֹפֶרֶת, bekhesef barzel bedil ve'oferet)—four metals representing the complete spectrum from precious (silver) to base (lead). Tin (bedil) was especially critical for bronze-making, imported from distant sources. The Hebrew 'izabonayikh ("your fairs/markets") depicts organized commercial exchanges.
Tarshish symbolized the uttermost parts of the earth (Psalm 72:10, Isaiah 66:19). That even Spain's metals flowed to Tyre demonstrates global economic dominance—yet Jonah fled to Tarshish to escape God's presence (Jonah 1:3), illustrating that earth's farthest reaches cannot hide from divine judgment. Tyre's worldwide network makes its coming desolation more complete.
Historical Context
Tarshish, most likely Tartessos in southern Spain, was famous in antiquity for mineral wealth, particularly silver and tin. The "Ships of Tarshish" became proverbial for long-distance commercial vessels (1 Kings 10:22). Archaeological evidence confirms extensive Phoenician mining and smelting operations in Spain from the 9th century BC onward. The tin trade was especially valuable as it was required for bronze (copper-tin alloy), and sources were scarce in the ancient Near East. Lead was used for weights, pipes, and construction.
Questions for Reflection
How does the accumulation of "all kinds of riches" from earth's extremities blind us to spiritual poverty?
What are the modern equivalents of Tyre's global trading networks, and how might they fall in God's timing?
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Analysis & Commentary
Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches (מֵרֹב כָּל־הוֹן, merov kol-hon)—Tarshish (likely Tartessos in southern Spain, the ancient world's western extremity) traded hon ("wealth/riches"), emphasizing abundance. With silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs (בְּכֶסֶף בַּרְזֶל בְּדִיל וְעוֹפֶרֶת, bekhesef barzel bedil ve'oferet)—four metals representing the complete spectrum from precious (silver) to base (lead). Tin (bedil) was especially critical for bronze-making, imported from distant sources. The Hebrew 'izabonayikh ("your fairs/markets") depicts organized commercial exchanges.
Tarshish symbolized the uttermost parts of the earth (Psalm 72:10, Isaiah 66:19). That even Spain's metals flowed to Tyre demonstrates global economic dominance—yet Jonah fled to Tarshish to escape God's presence (Jonah 1:3), illustrating that earth's farthest reaches cannot hide from divine judgment. Tyre's worldwide network makes its coming desolation more complete.