Exodus 9:34

Authorized King James Version

And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּ֣רְא
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
פַּרְעֹ֗ה
And when Pharaoh
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
#3
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#4
חָדַ֨ל
were ceased
properly, to be flabby, i.e., (by implication) desist; (figuratively) be lacking or idle
#5
הַמָּטָ֧ר
that the rain
rain
#6
וְהַבָּרָ֛ד
and the hail
hail
#7
וְהַקֹּלֹ֖ת
and the thunders
a voice or sound
#8
וַיֹּ֣סֶף
yet more
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#9
לַֽחֲטֹ֑א
he sinned
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
#10
וַיַּכְבֵּ֥ד
and hardened
to be heavy, i.e., in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable); causatively, to make weighty (in the same
#11
לִבּ֖וֹ
his heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#12
ה֥וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#13
וַֽעֲבָדָֽיו׃
he and his servants
a servant

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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