Exodus 8:32

And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go.

Word-by-Word Analysis

וַיַּכְבֵּ֤ד

H3513

hardened

to be heavy, i.e., in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable); causatively, to make weighty (in the same

פַּרְעֹה֙

H6547

And Pharaoh

paroh, a general title of egyptian kings

אֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לִבּ֔וֹ

H3820

his heart

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

גַּ֖ם

H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

בַּפַּ֣עַם

H6471

at this time

a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)

הַזֹּ֑את

H2063

this (often used adverb)

וְלֹ֥א

H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

שִׁלַּ֖ח

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

#10

אֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

#11

הָעָֽם׃

H5971

also neither would he let the people

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of covenant community reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Exodus Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

In what ways does understanding covenant community in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about salvation?
How might the original audience's understanding of covenant community differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
What practical applications emerge from understanding salvation as presented in this verse, particularly in light of addressing questions of religious pluralism and the exclusivity of Christ?

Related Resources

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