Exodus 40:23

Authorized King James Version

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And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the LORD had commanded Moses.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲרֹ֥ךְ in order H6186
וַיַּֽעֲרֹ֥ךְ in order
Strong's: H6186
Word #: 1 of 11
to set in a row, i.e., arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)
עָלָ֛יו H5921
עָלָ֛יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 2 of 11
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
עֵ֥רֶךְ And he set H6187
עֵ֥רֶךְ And he set
Strong's: H6187
Word #: 3 of 11
a pile, equipment, estimate
לֶ֖חֶם the bread H3899
לֶ֖חֶם the bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 4 of 11
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
לִפְנֵ֣י upon it before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י upon it before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 5 of 11
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָ֖ה as the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה as the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 6 of 11
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר H834
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 11
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
צִוָּ֥ה had commanded H6680
צִוָּ֥ה had commanded
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 8 of 11
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
יְהוָ֖ה as the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה as the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 9 of 11
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 11
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מֹשֶֽׁה׃ Moses H4872
מֹשֶֽׁה׃ Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 11 of 11
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

Analysis & Commentary

Moses 'set the bread in order upon' the table (וַיַּעֲרֹךְ עָלָיו עֵרֶךְ לֶחֶם, vaya'arokh alav erekh lechem, arranged upon it an arrangement of bread) 'before the LORD' teaches ordered worship. The Hebrew עָרַךְ (arakh, to arrange) emphasizes pattern—the twelve loaves represented twelve tribes in specific configuration. This prefigures the church's ordered worship (1 Corinthians 14:40) and organized structure (Titus 1:5). The phrase 'as the LORD commanded Moses' (4th in ch 40) maintains emphasis on prescribed worship. The bread's perpetual presence 'before the LORD' symbolizes constant covenant relationship.

Historical Context

The twelve loaves, arranged in two rows of six (Leviticus 24:6), remained on the table continuously, replaced fresh each Sabbath. The old loaves, eaten by priests, demonstrated God feeding His ministers through His provision. This perpetual bread offering symbolized Israel's constant dependence on divine sustenance.

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