Matthew 12:4

Authorized King James Version

How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
πῶς
How
an interrogative particle of manner; in what way? (sometimes the question is indirect, how?); also as exclamation, how much!
#2
εἰσῆλθεν
he entered into
to enter (literally or figuratively)
#3
εἰς
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#4
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
οἶκον
the house
a dwelling (more or less extensive, literal or figurative); by implication, a family (more or less related, literally or figuratively)
#6
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#8
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#9
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ἄρτους
the shewbread
bread (as raised) or a loaf
#11
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
προθέσεως
a setting forth, i.e., (figuratively) proposal (intention); specially, the show-bread (in the temple) as exposed before god
#13
φαγεῖν
did eat
to eat (literally or figuratively)
#14
ὃυς
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#15
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#16
ἐξὸν
lawful
so also ???? <pronunciation strongs="ex-on'"/> neuter present participle of the same (with or without some form of g1510 expressed); impersonally, it
#17
ἦν
was
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#18
αὐτοῦ
for him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#19
φαγεῖν
did eat
to eat (literally or figuratively)
#20
οὐδὲ
neither for
not however, i.e., neither, nor, not even
#21
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
μετ'
them which
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
#23
αὐτοῦ
for him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#24
εἰ
if, whether, that, etc
#25
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#26
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#27
ἱερεῦσιν
for the priests
a priest (literally or figuratively)
#28
μόνοις
only
remaining, i.e., sole or single; by implication, mere

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Jewish biographical literature presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Scripture shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Matthew Understanding a worldview expecting divine intervention through a promised Messiah helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics

People

Study Resources