Exodus 39:11

Authorized King James Version

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And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַטּ֖וּר row H2905
וְהַטּ֖וּר row
Strong's: H2905
Word #: 1 of 5
a row; hence, a wall
הַשֵּׁנִ֑י And the second H8145
הַשֵּׁנִ֑י And the second
Strong's: H8145
Word #: 2 of 5
properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again
נֹ֥פֶךְ an emerald H5306
נֹ֥פֶךְ an emerald
Strong's: H5306
Word #: 3 of 5
shining; a gem, probably the garnet
סַפִּ֖יר a sapphire H5601
סַפִּ֖יר a sapphire
Strong's: H5601
Word #: 4 of 5
a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire
וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם׃ and a diamond H3095
וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם׃ and a diamond
Strong's: H3095
Word #: 5 of 5
a precious stone, probably onyx

Analysis & Commentary

The second row—emerald (נֹפֶךְ, nophek), sapphire (סַפִּיר, sappir, lapis lazuli), and diamond (יָהֲלֹם, yahalom)—continues the spectrum of colors and brilliance. Sapphire's deep blue recalls heaven's glory (Exodus 24:10); emerald's green suggests life and growth; diamond's hardness and clarity symbolize enduring truth. Each tribe has God-given identity and worth; none are interchangeable or expendable. The high priest bore all twelve constantly, teaching that Christ's intercession encompasses every member of His body, none forgotten or neglected (John 17:20).

Historical Context

Lapis lazuli (sapphire) was highly prized in the ancient Near East, imported from Afghanistan. Its deep blue with gold flecks resembled the night sky. The presence of such costly imported stones demonstrated that nothing was too valuable for worship of YHWH.

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