Exodus 28:18

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַטּ֖וּר row H2905
וְהַטּ֖וּר row
Strong's: H2905
Word #: 1 of 5
a row; hence, a wall
הַשֵּׁנִ֑י And the second H8145
הַשֵּׁנִ֑י And the second
Strong's: H8145
Word #: 2 of 5
properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again
נֹ֥פֶךְ shall be an emerald H5306
נֹ֥פֶךְ shall be an emerald
Strong's: H5306
Word #: 3 of 5
shining; a gem, probably the garnet
סַפִּ֖יר a sapphire H5601
סַפִּ֖יר a sapphire
Strong's: H5601
Word #: 4 of 5
a gem (perhaps used for scratching other substances), probably the sapphire
וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם׃ and a diamond H3095
וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם׃ and a diamond
Strong's: H3095
Word #: 5 of 5
a precious stone, probably onyx

Analysis & Commentary

The second row: emerald, sapphire, diamond (or jasper). Revelation 21:19-20 connects these stones to the New Jerusalem's foundations. Sapphire's blue suggests heaven; emerald's green suggests life; diamond's clarity suggests purity. Together they picture redeemed humanity—heavenly, living, pure in Christ. The continuity from breastplate to eternal city shows that what the high priest bore on his chest prefigured what God eternally treasures.

Historical Context

Ancient sapphires (Hebrew סַפִּיר, sappir) were likely lapis lazuli, deep blue stones highly prized. The emerald (בָּרֶקֶת, bareqeth) was bright green. These second-row stones continued the pattern of maximum beauty and value.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources