Exodus 32:31

Authorized King James Version

And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיָּ֧שָׁב
returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#2
מֹשֶׁ֛ה
And Moses
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
#3
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#4
יְהוָ֖ה
unto the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
וַיֹּאמַ֑ר
and said
to say (used with great latitude)
#6
אָ֣נָּ֗א
Oh
oh now!
#7
חָטָ֞א
have sinned
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
#8
הָעָ֤ם
this people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#9
הַזֶּה֙
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#10
חֲטָאָ֣ה
sin
an offence, or a sacrifice for it
#11
גְדֹלָ֔ה
a great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#12
וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ
and have made
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#13
לָהֶ֖ם
H0
#14
אֱלֹהֵ֥י
them gods
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#15
זָהָֽב׃
of gold
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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