Exodus 28:12

Authorized King James Version

And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְשַׂמְתָּ֞
And thou shalt put
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#2
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#3
שְׁתֵּ֥י
the two
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#4
אַבְנֵ֥י
H68
for stones
a stone
#5
עַ֚ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#6
כְתֵפָ֖יו
shoulders
the shoulder (proper, i.e., upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection of anythi
#7
הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד
of the ephod
a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image
#8
אַבְנֵ֥י
H68
for stones
a stone
#9
לְזִכָּרֹֽן׃
for a memorial
a memento (or memorable thing, day or writing)
#10
לִבְנֵ֣י
unto the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#11
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#12
וְנָשָׂא֩
shall bear
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#13
אַֽהֲרֹ֨ן
and Aaron
aharon, the brother of moses
#14
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#15
שְׁמוֹתָ֜ם
their names
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#16
לִפְנֵ֧י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#17
יְהוָ֛ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#18
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#19
שְׁתֵּ֥י
the two
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#20
כְתֵפָ֖יו
shoulders
the shoulder (proper, i.e., upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection of anythi
#21
לְזִכָּרֹֽן׃
for a memorial
a memento (or memorable thing, day or writing)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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