Exodus 25:20

Authorized King James Version

And the cherubims shall stretch forth their wings on high, covering the mercy seat with their wings, and their faces shall look one to another; toward the mercy seat shall the faces of the cherubims be.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָי֣וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃
And the cherubims
a cherub or imaginary figure
#3
פֹּֽרְשֵׂ֨י
shall stretch
to break apart, disperse, etc
#4
בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙
forth their wings
an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinna
#5
לְמַ֗עְלָה
on high
properly,the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc
#6
סֹֽכְכִ֤ים
covering
properly, to entwine as a screen; by implication, to fence in, cover over, (figuratively) protect
#7
בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙
forth their wings
an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinna
#8
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת
the mercy seat
a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred ark)
#10
פְּנֵ֥י
and their faces
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#11
אִ֣ישׁ
shall look one
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#12
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#13
אָחִ֑יו
to another
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#14
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#15
הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת
the mercy seat
a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred ark)
#16
יִֽהְי֖וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#17
פְּנֵ֥י
and their faces
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#18
הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃
And the cherubims
a cherub or imaginary figure

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing mercy contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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