Exodus 22:10

Authorized King James Version

If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
יִתֵּן֩
deliver
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#3
אִ֨ישׁ
If a man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#4
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#5
רֵעֵ֜הוּ
unto his neighbour
an associate (more or less close)
#6
חֲמ֨וֹר
an ass
a male ass (from its dun red)
#7
אוֹ
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
#8
שׁ֥וֹר
or an ox
a bullock (as a traveller)
#9
אוֹ
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
#10
שֶׂ֛ה
or a sheep
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
#11
וְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#12
בְּהֵמָ֖ה
or any beast
properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
#13
לִשְׁמֹ֑ר
to keep
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#14
וּמֵ֛ת
and it die
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#15
אֽוֹ
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
#16
נִשְׁבַּ֥ר
or be hurt
to burst (literally or figuratively)
#17
אֽוֹ
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
#18
נִשְׁבָּ֖ה
or driven away
to transport into captivity
#19
אֵ֥ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#20
רֹאֶֽה׃
no man seeing
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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