Exodus 22:1

Authorized King James Version

If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֤י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
יִגְנֹֽב
shall steal
to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive
#3
אִישׁ֙
If a man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#4
הַשּׁ֔וֹר
an ox
a bullock (as a traveller)
#5
אוֹ
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
#6
הַשֶּֽׂה׃
for a sheep
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
#7
וּטְבָח֖וֹ
and kill
to slaughter (animals or men)
#8
א֣וֹ
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
#9
מְכָר֑וֹ
it or sell
to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)
#10
חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה
five
five
#11
בָקָ֗ר
oxen
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
#12
יְשַׁלֵּם֙
it he shall restore
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate
#13
תַּ֣חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#14
הַשּׁ֔וֹר
an ox
a bullock (as a traveller)
#15
וְאַרְבַּע
and four
four
#16
צֹ֖אן
sheep
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#17
תַּ֥חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#18
הַשֶּֽׂה׃
for a sheep
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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