Luke 19:8

Authorized King James Version

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And Zacchaeus stood, and said unto the Lord; Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken any thing from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold.

Original Language Analysis

σταθεὶς stood G2476
σταθεὶς stood
Strong's: G2476
Word #: 1 of 24
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 24
but, and, etc
Ζακχαῖος Zacchaeus G2195
Ζακχαῖος Zacchaeus
Strong's: G2195
Word #: 3 of 24
zacchaeus, an israelite
εἶπεν and said G2036
εἶπεν and said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 4 of 24
to speak or say (by word or writing)
πρὸς unto G4314
πρὸς unto
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 5 of 24
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κύριε Lord G2962
κύριε Lord
Strong's: G2962
Word #: 7 of 24
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
Ἰδού, Behold G2400
Ἰδού, Behold
Strong's: G2400
Word #: 8 of 24
used as imperative lo!
τὰ G3588
τὰ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 9 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἡμίση the half G2255
ἡμίση the half
Strong's: G2255
Word #: 10 of 24
(as noun) half
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὑπαρχόντων goods G5224
ὑπαρχόντων goods
Strong's: G5224
Word #: 12 of 24
things extant or in hand, i.e., property or possessions
μου of my G3450
μου of my
Strong's: G3450
Word #: 13 of 24
of me
κύριε Lord G2962
κύριε Lord
Strong's: G2962
Word #: 14 of 24
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
δίδωμι I give G1325
δίδωμι I give
Strong's: G1325
Word #: 15 of 24
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 16 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πτωχοῖς to the poor G4434
πτωχοῖς to the poor
Strong's: G4434
Word #: 17 of 24
akin to g4422 and the alternate of g4098); a beggar (as cringing), i.e., pauper (strictly denoting absolute or public mendicancy, although also used i
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 18 of 24
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
εἴ G1487
εἴ
Strong's: G1487
Word #: 19 of 24
if, whether, that, etc
τι from any man G5100
τι from any man
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 20 of 24
some or any person or object
τι from any man G5100
τι from any man
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 21 of 24
some or any person or object
ἐσυκοφάντησα I have taken G4811
ἐσυκοφάντησα I have taken
Strong's: G4811
Word #: 22 of 24
to be a fig-informer (reporter of the law forbidding the exportation of figs from greece), "sycophant", i.e., (genitive and by extension) to defraud (
ἀποδίδωμι I restore G591
ἀποδίδωμι I restore
Strong's: G591
Word #: 23 of 24
to give away, i.e., up, over, back, etc. (in various applications)
τετραπλοῦν him fourfold G5073
τετραπλοῦν him fourfold
Strong's: G5073
Word #: 24 of 24
quadruple

Analysis & Commentary

Zacchaeus' response: 'And Zacchaeus stood, and said unto the Lord; Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken any thing from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold.' Zacchaeus 'stood' (σταθεὶς, statheis)—a decisive posture for important declarations. He addresses Jesus as 'Lord' (Κύριε, Kyrie) twice, acknowledging authority. His declaration: 'the half of my goods I give to the poor' (τὰ ἡμίσιά μου τῶν ὑπαρχόντων, Κύριε, τοῖς πτωχοῖς δίδωμι, ta hēmisia mou tōn hyparchontōn, Kyrie, tois ptōchois didōmi)—extraordinary generosity, present tense indicating ongoing commitment. Second: 'if I have taken any thing... by false accusation, I restore... fourfold' (εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα ἀποδίδωμι τετραπλοῦν, ei tinos ti esykophantēsa apodidōmi tetraploun)—beyond Mosaic law's requirement (Exodus 22:1, Leviticus 6:5). This demonstrates genuine conversion's fruit: restitution, generosity, transformed use of wealth.

Historical Context

Tax collectors routinely extorted excess payments, keeping the surplus. Roman law permitted this, making tax collectors wealthy through exploitation. Mosaic law required 20% restitution plus the principal for fraud (Leviticus 6:5), but Zacchaeus commits to fourfold restitution—the penalty for stealing sheep (Exodus 22:1). His generosity exceeded legal requirements, demonstrating heart transformation. Critics note the verbs are present tense ('I give,' 'I restore'), possibly indicating Zacchaeus already practiced these principles, contrary to popular assumptions about his wickedness. Either way, his declaration proves genuine conversion by transformed relationship with money. True salvation always impacts the wallet—greed gives way to generosity, exploitation to restitution, self-service to others-service.

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