Exodus 15:23

Authorized King James Version

And when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they were bitter: therefore the name of it was called Marah.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ
And when they came
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#2
מָרָֽה׃
Marah
marah, a place in the desert
#3
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
יָֽכְל֗וּ
they could
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
#5
לִשְׁתֹּ֥ת
not drink
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
#6
מַ֙יִם֙
of the waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#7
מָרָֽה׃
Marah
marah, a place in the desert
#8
כִּ֥י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#9
מָרִ֖ים
for they were bitter
bitter (literally or figuratively); also (as noun) bitterness, or (adverbially) bitterly
#10
הֵ֑ם
they (only used when emphatic)
#11
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
כֵּ֥ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#13
קָרָֽא
of it was called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#14
שְׁמָ֖הּ
therefore the name
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#15
מָרָֽה׃
Marah
marah, a place in the desert

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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