Exodus 14:19

Authorized King James Version

And the angel of God, which went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of the cloud went from before their face, and stood behind them:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּסַּ֞ע
removed
properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e., start on a journey
#2
מַלְאַ֣ךְ
And the angel
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
#3
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים
of God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#4
וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ
which went
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#5
מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#6
מַֽחֲנֵ֣ה
the camp
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
#7
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#8
וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ
which went
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#9
מֵאַֽחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃
behind
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
#10
וַיִּסַּ֞ע
removed
properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e., start on a journey
#11
עַמּ֤וּד
them and the pillar
a column (as standing); also a stand, i.e., platform
#12
הֶֽעָנָן֙
of the cloud
a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e., the nimbus or thunder-cloud
#13
מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#14
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֖ד
and stood
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#15
מֵאַֽחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃
behind
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Exodus Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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