Ecclesiastes 8:13
But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong his days, which are as a shadow; because he feareth not before God.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Israel's Scripture records numerous instances of wicked individuals whose apparent success proved ephemeral: Pharaoh drowned despite decades of power; Haman was hanged on his own gallows; Herod Agrippa was struck down at his zenith (Acts 12:21-23). The shadow metaphor appears throughout biblical poetry depicting life's brevity (Job 8:9; Psalm 102:11; 144:4; James 4:14). Post-exilic wisdom reflected on how Babylon, despite conquering Jerusalem and prospering for decades, ultimately fell to Persia—proving that ungodly empires prove transient 'shadows.' Jesus taught that those who gain the whole world but forfeit their souls lose everything (Mark 8:36). The Reformers emphasized that apart from covenant relationship with God, even the longest, most prosperous life amounts to substantial nothingness.
Questions for Reflection
- How does viewing life 'as a shadow' without God-fearing obedience change your perspective on success, achievement, and legacy?
- In what ways might your life have 'shadow-like' insubstantiality despite external accomplishments?
Analysis & Commentary
But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong his days—this verse provides the counterpoint to verse 12. Despite observable exceptions where sinners live long (v.12), ultimate reality sides with justice. The phrase 'lo yitab' (לֹא־יִיטַב, not be well) indicates comprehensive ill-being, not merely premature death.
Which are as a shadow; because he feareth not before God—the shadow metaphor (katsel, כַּצֵּל) depicts insubstantiality and impermanence. Even if the wicked lives long physically, his life lacks substance and permanence. The root cause is specified: 'he feareth not before God' (eino yare miliph'ne ha'Elohim, אֵינֶנּוּ יָרֵא מִלִּפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים). Absence of reverential awe toward God produces life without lasting value. This verse teaches that true longevity isn't measured by biological years but by eternal significance rooted in God-fearing obedience.