Ecclesiastes 5:4

Authorized King James Version

When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כַּאֲשֶׁר֩
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#2
תִּדֹּ֖ר
When thou vowest
to promise (pos., to do or give something to god)
#3
נֶ֜דֶר
a vow
a promise (to god); also (concretely) a thing promised
#4
לֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים
unto God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#5
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#6
תְּאַחֵר֙
defer
to loiter (i.e., be behind); by implication to procrastinate
#7
שַׁלֵּֽם׃
not to pay
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate
#8
כִּ֛י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#9
אֵ֥ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#10
חֵ֖פֶץ
it for he hath no pleasure
pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in mind)
#11
בַּכְּסִילִ֑ים
in fools
properly, fat, i.e., (figuratively) stupid or silly
#12
אֵ֥ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#13
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#14
תִּדֹּ֖ר
When thou vowest
to promise (pos., to do or give something to god)
#15
שַׁלֵּֽם׃
not to pay
to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Ecclesiastes. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Ecclesiastes Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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