Ecclesiastes 5:3
For a dream cometh through the multitude of business; and a fool's voice is known by multitude of words.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature frequently contrasted the wise person's measured speech with the fool's verbal diarrhea. Egyptian instruction texts counseled silence and careful speech. Proverbs repeatedly addresses speech: 'In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that refraineth his lips is wise' (10:19). Mediterranean cultures valued rhetoric highly—Greco-Roman education centered on persuasive speaking. However, biblical wisdom prioritizes substance over volume, sincerity over eloquence. Jewish liturgical tradition developed fixed prayers to avoid rambling presumption before God. Jesus modeled brief, focused prayer (Lord's Prayer, Matthew 6:9-13; John 17). Reformed tradition emphasized simplicity in worship against medieval proliferation of ceremonies and verbose prayers.
Questions for Reflection
- How much of your speech—whether in prayer, conversation, or public discourse—is driven by anxiety to fill silence rather than genuine substance?
- What spiritual practices could help you cultivate thoughtful brevity rather than foolish verbosity before God and others?
Analysis & Commentary
For a dream cometh through the multitude of business—excessive activity (rov inyan, רֹב עִנְיָן, abundance of occupation) produces confused, meaningless dreams. The Hebrew chalom (חֲלוֹם, dream) represents mental chaos resulting from overwhelming preoccupation. Just as an overactive mind generates disordered dreams, a fool's voice is known by multitude of words—kesil (כְּסִיל, fool) reveals himself through rov devarim (רֹב דְּבָרִים, many words).
This verse appears within Ecclesiastes 5:1-7's instructions on approaching God in worship. The context warns against rash vows (5:4-6) and emphasizes reverent fear (5:1,7). Verse 3 provides supporting analogy: excessive busyness disorders thought as excessive talking characterizes fools. Before God, fewer words spoken thoughtfully prove superior to verbose emptiness. Jesus taught, 'Use not vain repetitions, as the heathen do: for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking' (Matthew 6:7). James warned that the tongue, though small, causes great damage when uncontrolled (3:5-6).