Deuteronomy 33:21

Authorized King James Version

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And he provided the first part for himself, because there, in a portion of the lawgiver, was he seated; and he came with the heads of the people, he executed the justice of the LORD, and his judgments with Israel.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּ֤רְא And he provided H7200
וַיַּ֤רְא And he provided
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 1 of 17
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
רֵאשִׁית֙ the first part H7225
רֵאשִׁית֙ the first part
Strong's: H7225
Word #: 2 of 17
the first, in place, time, order or rank (specifically, a firstfruit)
ל֔וֹ H0
ל֔וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 3 of 17
כִּי H3588
כִּי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 4 of 17
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שָׁ֛ם H8033
שָׁ֛ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 5 of 17
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
חֶלְקַ֥ת for himself because there in a portion H2513
חֶלְקַ֥ת for himself because there in a portion
Strong's: H2513
Word #: 6 of 17
properly, smoothness; figuratively, flattery
מְחֹקֵ֖ק of the lawgiver H2710
מְחֹקֵ֖ק of the lawgiver
Strong's: H2710
Word #: 7 of 17
properly, to hack, i.e., engrave (judges 5:14, to be a scribe simply); by implication, to enact (laws being cut in stone or metal tablets in primitive
סָפ֑וּן was he seated H5603
סָפ֑וּן was he seated
Strong's: H5603
Word #: 8 of 17
to hide by covering; specifically, to roof (passive participle as noun, a roof) or wainscot; figuratively, to reserve
וַיֵּתֵא֙ and he came H857
וַיֵּתֵא֙ and he came
Strong's: H857
Word #: 9 of 17
to arrive
רָ֣אשֵׁי with the heads H7218
רָ֣אשֵׁי with the heads
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 10 of 17
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
עָ֔ם of the people H5971
עָ֔ם of the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 11 of 17
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
צִדְקַ֤ת the justice H6666
צִדְקַ֤ת the justice
Strong's: H6666
Word #: 12 of 17
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
יְהוָה֙ of the LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 13 of 17
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
עָשָׂ֔ה he executed H6213
עָשָׂ֔ה he executed
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 14 of 17
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו and his judgments H4941
וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו and his judgments
Strong's: H4941
Word #: 15 of 17
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 16 of 17
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ with Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ with Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 17 of 17
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis & Commentary

He provided the first part for himself—Gad chose the Trans-Jordan territory 'first' (reshit), not from selfishness but strategic wisdom. The phrase chelqat mechokek (portion of the lawgiver) is debated: either Gad's territory included Moses's burial place (Deuteronomy 34:6), or it acknowledges their obedience to Mosaic command by fighting west of Jordan before settling east.

He came with the heads of the people, he executed the justice of the LORD—Despite having their inheritance secured, Gadite warriors led (roshe ha'am, heads of the people) Israel's conquest of Canaan (Joshua 4:12-13). Tzidqat YHWH (justice/righteousness of the LORD) means they fulfilled covenant obligations, executing divine judgment on Canaanite wickedness. Their faithfulness despite geographical separation demonstrates that covenant membership demands mutual sacrifice, not selfish isolationism.

Historical Context

Numbers 32 records Gad and Reuben's request for Trans-Jordan land, which Moses granted conditionally: they must cross Jordan armed and fight until Canaan was subdued. This blessing confirms they honored that vow. The 'portion of the lawgiver' interpretation linking to Moses's tomb is ancient (Targums, Rashi) but uncertain—Moses's burial site remains deliberately hidden (Deuteronomy 34:6). More likely it honors their covenantal obedience to Moses's law.

Questions for Reflection

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