Deuteronomy 33:20

Authorized King James Version

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And of Gad he said, Blessed be he that enlargeth Gad: he dwelleth as a lion, and teareth the arm with the crown of the head.

Original Language Analysis

גָּ֑ד And of Gad H1410
גָּ֑ד And of Gad
Strong's: H1410
Word #: 1 of 11
gad, a son of jacob, including his tribe and its territory; also a prophet
אָמַ֔ר he said H559
אָמַ֔ר he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 2 of 11
to say (used with great latitude)
בָּר֖וּךְ Blessed H1288
בָּר֖וּךְ Blessed
Strong's: H1288
Word #: 3 of 11
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
מַרְחִ֣יב be he that enlargeth H7337
מַרְחִ֣יב be he that enlargeth
Strong's: H7337
Word #: 4 of 11
to broaden (intransitive or transitive, literal or figurative)
גָּ֑ד And of Gad H1410
גָּ֑ד And of Gad
Strong's: H1410
Word #: 5 of 11
gad, a son of jacob, including his tribe and its territory; also a prophet
כְּלָבִ֣יא as a lion H3833
כְּלָבִ֣יא as a lion
Strong's: H3833
Word #: 6 of 11
a lion (properly, a lioness as the fiercer (although not a roarer;))
שָׁכֵ֔ן he dwelleth H7931
שָׁכֵ֔ן he dwelleth
Strong's: H7931
Word #: 7 of 11
to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively)
וְטָרַ֥ף and teareth H2963
וְטָרַ֥ף and teareth
Strong's: H2963
Word #: 8 of 11
to pluck off or pull to pieces; causatively to supply with food (as in morsels)
זְר֖וֹעַ the arm H2220
זְר֖וֹעַ the arm
Strong's: H2220
Word #: 9 of 11
the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force
אַף with H637
אַף with
Strong's: H637
Word #: 10 of 11
meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though
קָדְקֹֽד׃ the crown of the head H6936
קָדְקֹֽד׃ the crown of the head
Strong's: H6936
Word #: 11 of 11
the crown of the head (as the part most bowed)

Analysis & Commentary

Blessed be he that enlargeth Gad—Moses blesses Gad with territorial expansion and military might. Marchiv (enlargeth) comes from the root rachav (to make wide/spacious), indicating God's provision of lebensraum (living space). Gad's Trans-Jordan inheritance was already secured (Numbers 32), but this blessing promises continued expansion.

He dwelleth as a lion, and teareth the arm with the crown of the head—Gad is compared to lavi (a mature lion), not merely fierce but dominant and territorial. The vivid imagery of tearing 'arm with crown of head' (Hebrew: zeroa aph qadhqod) describes a lion's lethal attack, seizing both limb and skull. Gad's military prowess would protect Israel's eastern flank against Ammonite and Moabite aggression, fulfilling their covenant obligation despite settling outside Canaan proper (Numbers 32:20-22).

Historical Context

Gad's territory in Gilead (east of Jordan) was prime grazing land but also exposed to constant raids from Ammon, Moab, and desert tribes. Moses's blessing acknowledges both the danger and the courage required to hold this frontier. Gad did indeed produce mighty warriors (1 Chronicles 5:18-22, 12:8-15) who defended Israel's borders. Their eastward position made them perpetual guardians, fulfilling the 'enlargement' through military strength rather than agricultural plenty.

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