Deuteronomy 3:12

Authorized King James Version

And this land, which we possessed at that time, from Aroer, which is by the river Arnon, and half mount Gilead, and the cities thereof, gave I unto the Reubenites and to the Gadites.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#2
הָאָ֧רֶץ
And this land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#3
הַזֹּ֛את
this (often used adverb)
#4
יָרַ֖שְׁנוּ
which we possessed
to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish
#5
בָּעֵ֣ת
at that time
time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc
#6
הַהִ֑וא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#7
מֵֽעֲרֹעֵ֞ר
from Aroer
aror, the name of three places in or near palestine
#8
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#9
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#10
נַ֣חַל
which is by the river
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
#11
אַרְנֹ֗ן
Arnon
the arnon, a river east of the jordan, also its territory
#12
וַֽחֲצִ֤י
and half
the half or middle
#13
הַֽר
mount
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#14
הַגִּלְעָד֙
Gilead
gilad, a region east of the jordan; also the name of three israelites
#15
וְעָרָ֔יו
and the cities
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#16
נָתַ֕תִּי
thereof gave
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#17
לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִ֖י
I unto the Reubenites
a reubenite or descendant of reuben
#18
וְלַגָּדִֽי׃
and to the Gadites
a gadite (collectively) or descendants of gad

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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