Daniel 5:21

Authorized King James Version

And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וּמִן
from
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of
#2
בְּנֵי֩
the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense
#3
אֲנָשָׁ֔א
of men
a man
#4
טְרִ֜יד
And he was driven
to expel
#5
וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ׀
and his heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#6
וְעִם
like
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#7
חֵיוְתָ֣א
the beasts
an animal
#8
שַׁוִּ֗י
was made
to resemble
#9
וְעִם
like
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#10
עֲרָֽדַיָּא֙
was with the wild asses
an onager
#11
מְדוֹרֵ֔הּ
and his dwelling
a dwelling
#12
עִשְׂבָּ֤א
him with grass
a moth
#13
כְתוֹרִין֙
like oxen
a bull
#14
יְטַ֣עֲמוּנֵּ֔הּ
they fed
to taste; causatively to feed
#15
וּמִטַּ֥ל
with the dew
dew (as covering vegetation)
#16
שְׁמַיָּ֖א
of heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#17
גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ
and his body
used in a peculiar sense, the body (probably for the (figuratively) idea of a hard rain)
#18
יִצְטַבַּ֑ע
was wet
to dip
#19
עַ֣ד
till
until
#20
דִּֽי
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
#21
יְדַ֗ע
he knew
to inform
#22
דִּֽי
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
#23
שַׁלִּ֞יט
ruled
mighty; abstractly, permission; concretely, a premier
#24
אֱלָהָ֤א
God
god
#25
עִלָּיָא֙
that the most high
supreme (i.e., god)
#26
בְּמַלְכ֣וּת
in the kingdom
dominion (abstractly or concretely)
#27
אֲנָשָׁ֔א
of men
a man
#28
וּלְמַן
it whomsoever
who or what (properly, interrogatively, hence, also indefinitely and relatively)
#29
דִּ֥י
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
#30
יִצְבֵּ֖א
he will
to please
#31
יְהָקֵ֥ים
and that he appointeth
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#32
עֲלַֽיהּ׃
over
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

Within the broader context of Daniel, this passage highlights kingdom of God through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of kingdom connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about kingdom, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Daniel.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of kingdom of God within the theological tradition of Daniel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes kingdom in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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