Daniel 4:31
While the word was in the king's mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, O king Nebuchadnezzar, to thee it is spoken; The kingdom is departed from thee.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Ancient Near Eastern kings feared divine disfavor manifested through military defeat or physical/mental illness removing them from power. Mesopotamian omen literature sought to predict such events through divination. Nebuchadnezzar's sudden affliction fulfilled predicted judgment. Court officials apparently managed governmental affairs during his illness (v. 36), suggesting administrative structures continued functioning. Historical records show gaps in Nebuchadnezzar's later reign where some scholars speculate this illness occurred, though extra-biblical evidence is inconclusive.
Questions for Reflection
- How does the immediate timing of judgment teach that God responds directly to prideful rebellion rather than overlooking it indefinitely?
- What does the sudden removal of kingdom teach about sovereignty as divine gift that can be instantly revoked?
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Analysis & Commentary
Immediate judgment follows the boast: 'While the word was in the king's mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, O king Nebuchadnezzar, to thee it is spoken; The kingdom is departed from thee.' The timing—'while the word was in the king's mouth'—emphasizes the direct connection between prideful speech and divine response. The 'voice from heaven' represents direct divine intervention. The declaration 'the kingdom is departed from thee' announces immediate deposition. God doesn't gradually reduce the king's power; sovereignty transfers instantaneously. This demonstrates that all human authority exists by divine grant and can be revoked immediately.