Daniel 3:5

Authorized King James Version

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That at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king hath set up:

Original Language Analysis

בְּעִדָּנָ֡א That at what time H5732
בְּעִדָּנָ֡א That at what time
Strong's: H5732
Word #: 1 of 21
a set time; technically, a year
דִּֽי H1768
דִּֽי
Strong's: H1768
Word #: 2 of 21
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
תִשְׁמְע֡וּן ye hear H8086
תִשְׁמְע֡וּן ye hear
Strong's: H8086
Word #: 3 of 21
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
קָ֣ל the sound H7032
קָ֣ל the sound
Strong's: H7032
Word #: 4 of 21
a voice or sound
קַרְנָ֣א of the cornet H7162
קַרְנָ֣א of the cornet
Strong's: H7162
Word #: 5 of 21
a horn (literally or for sound)
מַ֠שְׁרוֹקִיתָא flute H4953
מַ֠שְׁרוֹקִיתָא flute
Strong's: H4953
Word #: 6 of 21
a (musical) pipe (from its whistling sound)
קַיתְר֨וֹס harp H7030
קַיתְר֨וֹס harp
Strong's: H7030
Word #: 7 of 21
a lyre
סַבְּכָ֤א sackbut H5443
סַבְּכָ֤א sackbut
Strong's: H5443
Word #: 8 of 21
a lyre
פְּסַנְתֵּרִין֙ psaltery H6460
פְּסַנְתֵּרִין֙ psaltery
Strong's: H6460
Word #: 9 of 21
psalterion; a lyre
סוּמְפֹּ֣נְיָ֔ה dulcimer H5481
סוּמְפֹּ֣נְיָ֔ה dulcimer
Strong's: H5481
Word #: 10 of 21
a bagpipe (with a double pipe)
וְכֹ֖ל and all H3606
וְכֹ֖ל and all
Strong's: H3606
Word #: 11 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
זְנֵ֣י kinds H2178
זְנֵ֣י kinds
Strong's: H2178
Word #: 12 of 21
sort
זְמָרָ֑א of musick H2170
זְמָרָ֑א of musick
Strong's: H2170
Word #: 13 of 21
instrumental music
תִּפְּל֤וּן ye fall down H5308
תִּפְּל֤וּן ye fall down
Strong's: H5308
Word #: 14 of 21
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
וְתִסְגְּדוּן֙ and worship H5457
וְתִסְגְּדוּן֙ and worship
Strong's: H5457
Word #: 15 of 21
to worship
לְצֶ֣לֶם image H6755
לְצֶ֣לֶם image
Strong's: H6755
Word #: 16 of 21
an idolatrous figure
דַּהֲבָ֔א the golden H1722
דַּהֲבָ֔א the golden
Strong's: H1722
Word #: 17 of 21
gold
דִּ֥י H1768
דִּ֥י
Strong's: H1768
Word #: 18 of 21
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
הֲקֵ֖ים hath set up H6966
הֲקֵ֖ים hath set up
Strong's: H6966
Word #: 19 of 21
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר that Nebuchadnezzar H5020
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר that Nebuchadnezzar
Strong's: H5020
Word #: 20 of 21
nebukadnetstsar (or nebukadretsts(-ar, or)), king of babylon
מַלְכָּֽא׃ the king H4430
מַלְכָּֽא׃ the king
Strong's: H4430
Word #: 21 of 21
a king

Analysis & Commentary

The musical instruments listed—'cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of musick'—create an overwhelming sensory experience designed to elicit compliance. The Aramaic terms indicate a sophisticated orchestra, suggesting calculated psychological manipulation. When this impressive music sounds, 'ye fall down and worship the golden image' is commanded. The falling prostration demonstrates total submission. This passage reveals how totalitarian systems use pageantry, sensory manipulation, and social pressure to enforce conformity. The three Hebrew children's coming refusal becomes even more remarkable against this orchestrated compliance.

Historical Context

Babylonian civilization was highly cultured, with advanced musical traditions. Archaeological discoveries include instruments and cuneiform texts describing musical theory and practice. Public worship ceremonies employed elaborate music to create emotional impact and religious fervor. The variety of instruments—wind (cornet, flute), string (harp, psaltery), and percussion—produced rich, complex sound. Coordinated musical cues for mass prostration were common in ancient religious rituals, creating psychological pressure for conformity through spectacle and social expectation.

Questions for Reflection

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