Acts 3:21

Authorized King James Version

Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ὧν
Whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#2
δεῖ
must
also deon deh-on'; neuter active participle of the same; both used impersonally; it is (was, etc.) necessary (as binding)
#3
οὐρανὸν
the heaven
the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)
#4
μὲν
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
#5
δέξασθαι
receive
to receive (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
#6
ἄχρι
until
(of time) until or (of place) up to
#7
χρόνων
the times
a space of time (in general, and thus properly distinguished from g2540, which designates a fixed or special occasion; and from g0165, which denotes a
#8
ἀποκαταστάσεως
of restitution
reconstitution
#9
πάντων,
of all
all, any, every, the whole
#10
ὧν
Whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#11
ἐλάλησεν
hath spoken
to talk, i.e., utter words
#12
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#14
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#15
στόματος
the mouth
the mouth (as if a gash in the face); by implication, language (and its relations); figuratively, an opening (in the earth); specially, the front or e
#16
πάντων,
of all
all, any, every, the whole
#17
ἁγίων
G40
holy
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)
#18
αὐτοῦ
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#19
προφητῶν
prophets
a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet
#20
ἀπ'
since
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#21
αἰῶνος
the world began
properly, an age; by extension, perpetuity (also past); by implication, the world; specially (jewish) a messianic period (present or future)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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