Acts 15:8

Authorized King James Version

And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
καρδιογνώστης
which knoweth the hearts
a heart-knower
#4
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#5
ἐμαρτύρησεν
bare them witness
to be a witness, i.e., testify (literally or figuratively)
#6
αὐτοῖς,
them
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#7
δοὺς
giving
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#8
αὐτοῖς,
them
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#9
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
πνεῦμα
Ghost
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#11
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ἅγιον
G40
the Holy
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)
#13
καθὼς
as
just (or inasmuch) as, that
#14
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
ἡμῖν
he did unto us
to (or for, with, by) us

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Acts Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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