Psalms 55:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Psalms 55:20
20 He hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with him: he hath broken his covenant.
Chapter Context
Psalms 55 is a poetic and liturgical chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of prayer, discipleship, worship. Written during various periods (c. 1000-400 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Temple worship utilized these compositions across various periods of Israel's history.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-23: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Psalms and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Psalms 55:20
20 He hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with him: he hath broken his covenant.
Analysis
The betrayer's covenant violation intensifies his guilt—'he hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with him.' The Hebrew 'shalom' indicates covenantal wholeness. Profaning the covenant after enjoying its benefits demonstrates judicial hardening. This typologically anticipates Judas, who shared covenant meals with Christ yet violated sacred fellowship.
Historical Context
Covenant violation was considered the gravest sin in ancient Israel, warranting death (Leviticus 24:16). Ahithophel's betrayal after years of trusted counsel to David exemplified this treachery, warranting the judgment David pronounces.
Reflection
- What does the seriousness of covenant violation teach about the nature of covenant relationship?
- How should the church discipline those who profess Christ yet persistently violate covenant commitments?
Word Studies
- Covenant: בְּרִית (Berit) H1285 - Covenant, treaty
Cross-References
- Covenant: Psalms 89:28, 89:34
- Peace: Psalms 7:4
- Parallel theme: Psalms 89:38, 109:5, Ecclesiastes 8:2, Acts 12:1