Numbers 5:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Numbers 5:20
20 But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband:
Chapter Context
Numbers 5 is a mixed narrative and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of sacrifice, salvation, truth. Written during Israel's wilderness period (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The wilderness journey occurred between Egypt's dominance and the Canaanite tribal systems.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-31: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it establishes important theological principles that resonate throughout Scripture. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Numbers and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Numbers 5:20
20 But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband:
Analysis
The specific accusation—'thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband'—defines the offense clearly. Adultery is not merely a personal choice but a going aside from the covenant relationship. The phrase 'instead of thy husband' emphasizes the substitution and betrayal involved in adultery. This reflects the biblical understanding that sexual union creates a one-flesh bond; adultery therefore violates the exclusive covenant of marriage.
Historical Context
Marriage in Israel was a covenant relationship, not merely a social contract. Sexual fidelity was commanded not just for social stability but as part of covenant faithfulness before God. Adultery violated the covenant and made the woman ceremonially unclean.
Reflection
- How does describing adultery as going aside from the covenant inform our understanding of sexual sin?
- What does the exclusive nature of marriage teach about God's jealousy for His people's faithfulness?
- In what ways is adultery a form of idolatry—substituting another for the rightful covenant partner?