Numbers 5:13
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Numbers 5:13
13 And a man lie with her carnally, and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken with the manner;
Chapter Context
Numbers 5 is a mixed narrative and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of fellowship, worship, salvation. Written during Israel's wilderness period (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The wilderness journey occurred between Egypt's dominance and the Canaanite tribal systems.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-31: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Numbers and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Numbers 5:13
13 And a man lie with her carnally, and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken with the manner;
Analysis
The scenario of hidden adultery—where a man lies with a woman secretly, unknown to her husband and without witnesses—presents a justice problem. Human courts cannot judge what is hidden. This verse establishes the premise for the bitter water ordeal that follows, demonstrating that God sees what is hidden and will reveal truth. The Reformed doctrine of God's omniscience is foundational here—nothing is hidden from His sight, and He will bring all things to light.
Historical Context
The requirement of two or three witnesses for conviction meant that secret adultery was nearly impossible to prove through normal legal channels. This created potential for either false accusation based on suspicion or unaddressed marital betrayal. The ordeal provided resolution where human testimony failed.
Reflection
- How does God's knowledge of hidden sin both comfort the innocent and warn the guilty?
- What does this provision teach about God's concern for truth in situations where human knowledge is inadequate?
- In what ways should the certainty of God's omniscience affect our private behavior?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Leviticus 18:20, 20:10, Proverbs 30:20