Numbers 21:3
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Numbers 21:3
3 And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and he called the name of the place Hormah.
Chapter Context
Numbers 21 is a mixed narrative and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of worship, truth, redemption. Written during Israel's wilderness period (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The wilderness journey occurred between Egypt's dominance and the Canaanite tribal systems.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it addresses timeless questions about faith, suffering, and divine purpose. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Numbers and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Numbers 21:3
3 And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and he called the name of the place Hormah.
Analysis
The LORD 'delivered up the Canaanites' in response to Israel's vow. Divine intervention secured victory they couldn't achieve alone. The place was named 'Hormah' (destruction/devotion), memorializing God's faithfulness. Naming places after God's acts creates permanent testimony to His intervention. Our lives should be marked by memorial experiences of divine faithfulness.
Historical Context
Ironically, an earlier generation had attacked this region presumptuously and been defeated at Hormah (14:45). The same location witnessed both judgment for presumption and victory through faith. Geography carried theological meaning: places of past defeat could become, through faith, locations of triumph.
Reflection
- What places or experiences in your life mark transitions from defeat to victory through faith?
- How do you memorialize God's faithfulness so future generations know what He has done?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Numbers 14:45, Deuteronomy 1:44