Numbers 20:11
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Numbers 20:11
11 And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.
Chapter Context
Numbers 20 is a mixed narrative and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of sacrifice, love, redemption. Written during Israel's wilderness period (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The wilderness journey occurred between Egypt's dominance and the Canaanite tribal systems.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-29: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it offers practical wisdom for godly living in a fallen world. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Numbers and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Numbers 20:11
11 And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.
Analysis
Moses 'smote the rock twice' with his rod, and 'water came out abundantly.' God graciously provided despite Moses' disobedience—He struck instead of speaking as commanded (v.8). The double striking suggests either frustrated emphasis or lack of faith in God's method. Yet abundance of water demonstrated God's mercy to undeserving people through imperfect leaders.
Historical Context
Paul identifies this rock as Christ (1 Corinthians 10:4), making Moses' striking a typological picture of Christ's suffering. The second striking violated God's instruction but powerfully illustrates Christ being 'once offered' (Hebrews 9:28)—additional striking unnecessary.
Reflection
- How does God show grace by accomplishing His purposes despite our disobedience?
- What does the rock struck twice teach about Christ's once-for-all sacrifice?
Cross-References
- References Moses: Exodus 17:6
- Parallel theme: Numbers 20:8, Deuteronomy 8:15, 1 Samuel 15:24, 1 Chronicles 15:13, Psalms 78:16, Hosea 13:5