Matthew 27:38
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 27:38
38 Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.
Chapter Context
Matthew 27 is a biographical gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of grace, truth, creation. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-66: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 27:38
38 Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.
Analysis
Two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left (δύο λῃσταί, dyo lēstai)—not petty thieves but lēstai, bandits or insurrectionists (same word for Barabbas, John 18:40). Jesus is numbered with transgressors (Isaiah 53:12), literally between them.
The positioning fulfills the request of James and John's mother: Grant that these my two sons may sit, the one on thy right hand, and the other on the left, in thy kingdom (Matthew 20:21). Jesus replied, Ye know not what ye ask. Now we see: the right and left positions in his kingdom are crosses. Glory comes through suffering.
Historical Context
Crucifixion was reserved for slaves, pirates, and insurrectionists—never Roman citizens (except for treason). That Jesus was crucified between two lēstai reinforced the charge of sedition: he was treated as the ringleader of a revolutionary movement.
Reflection
- How does Jesus's position between two criminals fulfill both prophecy and the request in Matthew 20:20-23?
- What does one thief's repentance (Luke 23:39-43) reveal about the sufficiency of Christ's grace even in the final moments?
Cross-References
- Cross: Matthew 27:44, Mark 15:27, John 19:18
- Parallel theme: Isaiah 53:12, Luke 22:37