Matthew 13:52
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 13:52
52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old.
Chapter Context
Matthew 13 is a biographical gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of salvation, wisdom, holiness. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-58: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it foreshadows Christ's work through typology and prophetic elements. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 13:52
52 Then said he unto them, Therefore every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old.
Analysis
Every scribe which is instructed unto the kingdom of heaven (πᾶς γραμματεὺς μαθητευθεὶς τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν)—The γραμματεύς (scribe) was an expert in Torah, but here Jesus redefines the role. The aorist passive participle μαθητευθείς ('having been discipled') shows these are not self-taught experts but those taught by Christ Himself. They are scribes transformed by kingdom instruction—a new kind of teacher who bridges Old and New Covenants.
Like unto a man that is an householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old (ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά)—The οἰκοδεσπότης (householder, master of the house) has a θησαυρός (treasure-store) containing both καινά (fresh, unprecedented revelation—the kingdom mysteries) and παλαιά (ancient truth—the Old Testament). The verb ἐκβάλλει ('throws out, brings forth') suggests generous, purposeful distribution. This describes Matthew's own Gospel, which constantly shows Jesus fulfilling Old Testament prophecy while revealing new truth.
Historical Context
This final mini-parable concludes Jesus's day of kingdom parables, commissioning the disciples as the new interpreters of God's revelation. In Jewish culture, a householder managed his estate's resources. Jesus pictures kingdom scribes as stewards who draw from both testaments, validating continuity with Israel's Scripture while introducing the new covenant. Matthew, a former tax collector turned apostle, exemplifies this model perfectly.
Reflection
- How does your teaching or testimony draw from both Old Testament types and New Testament fulfillment?
- In what ways does modern evangelicalism wrongly neglect 'the old things' in favor of novel teachings?
Word Studies
- Kingdom: βασιλεία (Basileia) G932 - Kingdom, reign
Cross-References
- Kingdom: Ezra 7:21
- Parallel theme: Matthew 12:35, 23:34, Ezra 7:10, Proverbs 15:7, 18:4, Luke 11:49