Isaiah 59:12
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Isaiah 59:12
12 For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them;
Chapter Context
Isaiah 59 is a prophetic oracle chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of truth, judgment, mercy. Written during the Assyrian and pre-exilic periods (c. 740-680 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Addressed Judah during Assyria's rise, Babylon's threat, and anticipated restoration.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-21: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Isaiah and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Isaiah 59:12
12 For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them;
Analysis
Full confession: 'For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them.' Three terms - transgressions (pesha - rebellion), sins (chata'ah - missing the mark), iniquities (avon - twisted guilt) - comprehensively confess. Sin testifies like a witness.
Historical Context
This confession uses the same vocabulary as the Day of Atonement rituals. Recognition of specific sins is necessary for genuine repentance.
Reflection
- How does sin 'testify against' us before God?
- What does it mean to 'know' your iniquities rather than denying or excusing them?
Word Studies
- Transgression: פֶּשַׁע (Pesha) H6588 - Transgression, rebellion
Cross-References
- Sin: Isaiah 1:4, Jeremiah 14:7, Hosea 5:5
- Parallel theme: Ezra 9:6, Ezekiel 5:6, Hosea 4:2