Isaiah 13:17
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Isaiah 13:17
17 Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it.
Chapter Context
Isaiah 13 is a prophetic oracle chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of worship, fellowship, discipleship. Written during the Assyrian and pre-exilic periods (c. 740-680 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Addressed Judah during Assyria's rise, Babylon's threat, and anticipated restoration.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-22: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Isaiah and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Isaiah 13:17
17 Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it.
Analysis
'Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it.' God explicitly names the instrument of judgment: the Medes (later allied with Persians under Cyrus). Remarkably, these conquerors cannot be bribed—they don't regard silver or delight in gold. Their motivation isn't plunder but conquest and possibly divine destiny (Cyrus saw himself as Marduk's chosen servant, unknowingly fulfilling Yahweh's plan). When God's judgment comes, normal human motivations and deterrents (bribery, tribute) fail. Divine purposes override economic incentives.
Historical Context
Isaiah names the Medes over a century before they conquered Babylon (539 BC). The Medes came from the Iranian plateau; under Cyrus, they allied with Persians to form the Medo-Persian Empire. Cyrus's conquest of Babylon was remarkably merciful by ancient standards—no mass slaughter, no destruction of temples, immediate proclamation allowing peoples to return home (the decree that let Jews return, Ezra 1:1-4). His motivation wasn't gold (Babylon had plenty to offer) but empire-building according to his vision of divine mandate. God used a pagan king's ambition to fulfill His purposes.
Reflection
- How does God's specific naming of the Medes over a century before events validate Scripture's prophetic authority?
- What does God's ability to motivate pagan rulers to fulfill His purposes teach about His sovereignty?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Isaiah 21:2, 41:25, Jeremiah 50:9, 51:11