Exodus 34:4
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Exodus 34:4
4 And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone.
Chapter Context
Exodus 34 is a narrative with legal sections chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of salvation, worship, discipleship. Written during the Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Egypt was the dominant superpower with a complex polytheistic religion and a god-king pharaoh.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Exodus and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Exodus 34:4
4 And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone.
Analysis
Moses' obedience is immediate and complete—he hews the tablets himself, demonstrating that restoration requires both divine grace and human response. The phrase 'as the LORD had commanded' appears throughout Exodus, marking faithful covenant partnership. Moses rises early, showing eagerness for restored fellowship with God. The two tablets parallel the two parties of covenant: God and His people.
Historical Context
Stone tablets were standard treaty documents in the ancient Near East. Having two copies (one for each party) was typical covenant practice.
Reflection
- How does Moses' immediate obedience model proper response to God's commands?
- What spiritual preparations do you make before approaching God in prayer or worship?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord