Exodus 34:31
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Exodus 34:31
31 And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.
Chapter Context
Exodus 34 is a narrative with legal sections chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of wisdom, mercy, holiness. Written during the Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Egypt was the dominant superpower with a complex polytheistic religion and a god-king pharaoh.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it provides guidance for worship and spiritual devotion. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Exodus and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Exodus 34:31
31 And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.
Analysis
God promises to eliminate miscarriage (שָׁכַל, shakal—to lose offspring/be bereaved) and barrenness (עֲקָרָה, aqarah). Full longevity is guaranteed: 'the number of thy days I will fulfil.' In the ancient world with high infant and maternal mortality, this promise was revolutionary. It demonstrates God's sovereignty over life itself and His desire to bless covenant faithfulness with abundant life—a principle finding ultimate fulfillment in eternal life through Christ.
Historical Context
Barrenness was considered a curse or divine displeasure in ancient cultures (Gen 30:1-2, 1 Sam 1:5-8). God's promise here reverses the curse and grants covenant communities fruitfulness as a sign of blessing.
Reflection
- How does God's sovereignty over life and death comfort you in uncertain circumstances?
- What does this promise of fullness of days teach about God's desire for abundant life for His people?