Exodus 34:31

Authorized King James Version

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And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּקְרָ֤א called H7121
וַיִּקְרָ֤א called
Strong's: H7121
Word #: 1 of 12
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
אֲלֵהֶם֙ H413
אֲלֵהֶם֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to
מֹשֶׁ֖ה And Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֖ה And Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 3 of 12
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ returned H7725
וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ returned
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 4 of 12
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
אֵלָ֛יו H413
אֵלָ֛יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַֽהֲרֹ֥ן unto them and Aaron H175
אַֽהֲרֹ֥ן unto them and Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 6 of 12
aharon, the brother of moses
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 7 of 12
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים and all the rulers H5387
הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים and all the rulers
Strong's: H5387
Word #: 8 of 12
properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist
בָּֽעֵדָ֑ה of the congregation H5712
בָּֽעֵדָ֑ה of the congregation
Strong's: H5712
Word #: 9 of 12
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר talked H1696
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר talked
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 10 of 12
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁ֖ה And Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֖ה And Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 11 of 12
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ H413
אֲלֵהֶֽם׃
Strong's: H413
Word #: 12 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to

Analysis & Commentary

God promises to eliminate miscarriage (שָׁכַל, shakal—to lose offspring/be bereaved) and barrenness (עֲקָרָה, aqarah). Full longevity is guaranteed: 'the number of thy days I will fulfil.' In the ancient world with high infant and maternal mortality, this promise was revolutionary. It demonstrates God's sovereignty over life itself and His desire to bless covenant faithfulness with abundant life—a principle finding ultimate fulfillment in eternal life through Christ.

Historical Context

Barrenness was considered a curse or divine displeasure in ancient cultures (Gen 30:1-2, 1 Sam 1:5-8). God's promise here reverses the curse and grants covenant communities fruitfulness as a sign of blessing.

Questions for Reflection

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