Exodus 34:1
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Exodus 34:1
1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest.
Chapter Context
Exodus 34 is a narrative with legal sections chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of holiness, worship, creation. Written during the Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Egypt was the dominant superpower with a complex polytheistic religion and a god-king pharaoh.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Exodus and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Exodus 34:1
1 And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest.
Analysis
God commands Moses to hew two tablets (שְׁנֵי־לֻחֹת, shenei luchot) like the first, which Moses broke in righteous anger at Israel's idolatry (32:19). This second set demonstrates divine grace—God does not abandon His covenant despite Israel's sin. The phrase 'which thou brakest' carries no rebuke; God acknowledges Moses' appropriate response to apostasy while providing restoration.
Historical Context
This occurs after the golden calf incident (Exodus 32-33), approximately 40 days after Moses descended with the first tablets. The new tablets will contain the same Decalogue, affirming covenant continuity.
Reflection
- How does God's willingness to provide new tablets after Israel's sin reveal His character?
- What does it mean that human failure does not nullify God's covenant promises?
Word Studies
- Word: דָּבָר (Davar) H1697 - Word, thing, matter
Cross-References
- References Moses: Exodus 31:18, 32:19
- Word: Exodus 34:28, Psalms 119:89
- Parallel theme: Exodus 32:16