Exodus 12:38
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Exodus 12:38
38 And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
Chapter Context
Exodus 12 is a narrative with legal sections chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of discipleship, truth, obedience. Written during the Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Egypt was the dominant superpower with a complex polytheistic religion and a god-king pharaoh.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-51: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it offers practical wisdom for godly living in a fallen world. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Exodus and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Exodus 12:38
38 And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
Analysis
The 'mixed multitude' (erev rav, עֵרֶב רַב) were non-Israelites—Egyptians and others who joined the exodus after witnessing God's power. Their inclusion shows redemption extends beyond ethnic Israel to all who believe. The 'flocks, and herds, even very much cattle' represent wealth and provision for the journey. This mixed assembly prefigures the church—Jews and Gentiles united in faith.
Historical Context
Mixed multitudes often caused problems (Numbers 11:4), yet God permitted them to join. This demonstrates that covenant membership came through faith and identification with Israel, not pure bloodline.
Reflection
- How does the mixed multitude's inclusion anticipate the gospel breaking ethnic boundaries to include all believers?
- What responsibilities come with publicly identifying yourself with God's people by joining their journey?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Numbers 11:4, Zechariah 8:23