Deuteronomy 14:7
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Deuteronomy 14:7
7 Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you.
Chapter Context
Deuteronomy 14 is a sermonic and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of worship, sacrifice, obedience. Written during the end of the wilderness wandering (c. 1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Moses delivered these speeches as Israel prepared to enter a land filled with different Canaanite city-states.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-29: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Deuteronomy and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Deuteronomy 14:7
7 Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you.
Analysis
Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you. God specifies animals that meet one criterion but not both. Despite chewing the cud, these animals lack split hooves and therefore remain ceremonially unclean. Partial compliance is insufficient.
This teaches a crucial theological principle - approaching God requires meeting all His requirements, not selecting preferred elements. Modern tendencies to customize religion by accepting some commands while rejecting others contradicts this principle. God sets the terms for relationship; humans cannot negotiate partial obedience.
The camel, hare, and coney (rock badger) were common in the region, making this prohibition practically relevant. Israelites regularly encountered these animals and needed clear guidance about their status.
Reformed theology affirms that salvation requires complete righteousness - partial obedience cannot justify. Only Christ's perfect fulfillment of all God's law provides the righteousness necessary for salvation. Our partial obedience, like these partially compliant animals, cannot make us clean before God.
Historical Context
Surrounding cultures ate these animals, particularly camels which were important for desert transport and trade. Israel's refusal to eat them despite their economic value demonstrated commitment to covenant law above practical convenience.
The specificity of these examples shows God's concern for clear communication - He names specific animals rather than leaving Israel to guess which creatures qualify.
Reflection
- What does the insufficiency of partial compliance teach about approaching God?
- How does this principle apply to contemporary ideas about customizing religion?
- Why is Christ's complete obedience necessary for our salvation?
- What does Israel's willingness to forgo eating economically important animals reveal about covenant faithfulness?
- How should this principle shape our understanding of obedience to God's word?