Zechariah 12:2

Authorized King James Version

Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הִנֵּ֣ה
lo!
#2
אָ֠נֹכִי
i
#3
שָׂ֣ם
Behold I will make
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
Jerusalem
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine
#6
סַף
a cup
a vestibule (as a limit); also a dish (for holding blood or wine)
#7
רַ֛עַל
of trembling
a reeling (from intoxication)
#8
לְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#9
הָעַמִּ֖ים
unto all the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#10
סָבִ֑יב
round about
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
#11
וְגַ֧ם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
יְהוּדָ֛ה
both against Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#14
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#15
בַמָּצ֖וֹר
when they shall be in the siege
something hemming in, i.e., (objectively) a mound (of besiegers), (abstractly) a siege, (figuratively) distress; or (subjectively) a fastness
#16
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#17
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
Jerusalem
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine

Analysis

Within the broader context of Zechariah, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Zechariah.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection